10 Antibiotics with Infusion Time More Than 60 Minutes

Reasons for controlling the speed of intravenous drip are as follows: a) to avoid phlebitis and even venous thrombosis risk of with vascular irritating drugs; b)to avoid serious adverse reactions caused by high peak blood concentration; c) to avoid risk of pulmonary edema caused by blood volume increases. Here are 10 Antibiotics with Infusion Time More Than 60 Minutes. 

Reasons for controlling the speed of intravenous drip are as follows: a) to avoid phlebitis and even venous thrombosis risk of with vascular irritating drugs; b)to avoid serious adverse reactions caused by high peak blood concentration; c) to avoid risk of pulmonary edema caused by blood volume increases. Here are 10 Antibiotics with Infusion Time More Than 60 Minutes.

Cefotiam

  • Dosage: Usually, adults are given 0.5 to 2 g a day, divided into 2 to 4 intravenous infusions, and the infusion time is 30 minutes to 2 hours.
  • Reason:Vascular pain and thrombophlebitis occasionally caused by cefotiam; cephalosporins are time-dependent antibiotics, and the infusion time can be prolonged as much as possible.
  • Tips:Due to the poteitial risk of shock, a detailed consultation should be conducted before administration, and it is best to do a skin sensitivity test before injection.

Clindamycin

  • Dosage: For adults, 0.6-1.2g/day, divided into 2-4 doses, and the dose of the drug should not exceed 1.2g within 1 hour.
  • Reason:
  • Clindamycin might cause respiratory depression due to its neuromuscular blocking effect. And clindamycin can cause local irritating pain and may also cause thrombophlebitis if rapid transfusion.
  • Tips: The respiratory depression effect of clindamycin and the central respiratory depression effect of opioids may lead to prolonged respiratory depression or respiratory paralysis, so the patient must be closely observed.

Moxifloxacin

  • Dosage:0.4g once, once a day, the infusion time should be 90 minutes.
  • Reason:
  • Moxifloxacin prolongs the QT interval, and rapid infusion rates can cause arrhythmias.

Azithromycin

  • Dosage:Azithromycin 500mg + vehicle 500ml, the final concentration is 1.0mg/ml, the intravenous drip should be 3 hours;Azithromycin 500mg + vehicle 250ml, the final concentration is 2.0mg/ml, the intravenous infusion should be 1 hour.
  • Reason:Azithromycin can cause phlebitis so should be dripped slowly. It might cause severe gastrointestinal adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting  due to gastrointestinal motility effect.

Vancomycin

  • Dosage:adults 2g/day, 0.5g every 6 hours or 1g every 12 hours; each intravenous infusion should be more than 1 hour.
  • Reason:Short-term intravenous infusion of this drug can cause the release of histamine to cause side effects such as red man syndrome and hypotension.
  • Tips: Vancomycin for injection can not be used for for intramuscular injection.
  • Norvancomycin can not be used for intramuscular injection, and the infusion time should be more than 1 hour. Teicoplanin can not be used for intramuscular injection, intravenous infusion time should be not less than 30 minutes.

Etilmicin

  • Dosage: 0.2 ~ 0.3g at a time, once a day, diluted in 100ml or 250ml of 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% glucose injection for intravenous infusion, each infusion time is 1 hour.
  • Reason:: Aminoglycoside antibiotics have neuromuscular blocking effects, and excessive infusion rate can cause respiratory depression.
  • Tips: Gentamicin, amikacin should be instilled slowly within 30 to 60 minutes.

Fusidic acid

  • Dosage: Usual dose for adults is 500 mg at a time, 3 times a day, and the time of each infusion should not be less than 2-4 hours.
  • Reason: Fusidic acid can cause thrombophlebitis and venous spasm.
  • Tips: Fusidic acid has a bactericidal effect by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, and has a strong antibacterial effect on G+ bacteria. It is also highly sensitive to Staphylococcus, including resistant strains to penicillin and methicillin.
10-Antibiotics-with-Infusion-Time-More-Than-60-Minutes
10-Antibiotics-with-Infusion-Time-More-Than-60-Minutes

Amphotericin B

  • Dosage: Maximum daily dose for adults does not exceed 1 mg/kg, administered once a day or every 1 to 2 days.
  • Dilute with 5% glucose injection, the drug concentration of the instillation solution does not exceed 10mg/100ml, and it should be instilled slowly in the dark, and the infusion time should be more than 6 hours. The pH of the diluted glucose injection should be above 4.2.
  • Reason: Rapid infusion can cause cardiotoxicity, including atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, bradycardia, and dilated cardiomyopathy.
  • Tips: Amphotericin B liposomes: 3.0-4.0 mg/kg/day, maximum 6 mg/kg/day. It can only be diluted with 5% glucose injection, and the infusion time can be shortened to not less than 2 hours.

Voriconazole

  • Dosage:  6 mg/kg once every 12 hours; 4 mg/kg once every 12 hours after.
  • Reason: Voriconazole can cause phlebitis, thrombophlebitis; can cause QT interval prolongation.
  • Tips: Fluconazole drip rate should not to exceed 10ml/min.

Caspofungin

  • Dosage: 70 mg per day on the first day,  50 mg per day after. Caspofungin for injection is first dissolved in water for injection, and then diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride injection or lactated Ringer’s solution. The infusion time is about 1 hour.
  • Reason: Caspofungin can cause phlebitis, thrombophlebitis as well as tachycardia.
  • Tips:Usual single daily dose of  Micafungin for adults is 50-150 mg per day by intravenous infusion.
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